$B@8M}3X8&5f=jG/Js(B $BG/JsL\<!$XLa$k(B$B@8M}8&%[!<%`%Z!<%8$X(B

1.Onchidium sp. $BMDF0J*$N30Ee$K$_$i$l$k4c308w

$BJR6ME8;R!JEl5~=w;R0e2JBg3X!&Am9g8&5f=j!&8&5fIt!K(B
$BJR6M9/M:!JEl5~=w;R0e2JBg3X!&4G8n3XIt!K(B
$B=E>>9/=(!$>.:d@?0l!JEl5~=w;R0e2JBg3X!&Am9g8&5f=j!&6&F1MxMQ;\@_!K(B
$BM-0fC#IW(B

$B!!%$%=%"%o%b%AN`!JFpBNF0J*!&J"B-N`!K$N30EeGXLL$OB??t$NBg>.$NaO>uFM5/$GJ$$o$l$k!#>.$5$J1"1F$r30Ee$KM?$($k$H$=$N1"1F2<$K6I=jE*$J<}=L$,5/$3$k!#1"1FH?1~$O30Ee$+$i@Z$jN%$7$?>.FM5/$G$b@8$:$k$3$H$+$i!$30Ee$NHi2pJs$,6Z:YK&!J(BMF$B!K$KEA$($i$l(BMF$B$N<}=L$K$h$k$H9M$($i$l$k!#MDF0J*$N30Ee$O@.BN$h$jaO>uFM5/$,>/$J$$$,!$B??t$N(BMF$B$,>.FM5/$r4^$a7k9gAH?%Fb$r=tJ}8~$KAv9T$9$k!#$3$l$^$G$K30Ee$NHi2 $B!!:`NA$HJ}K!!'@8M}8&G/Js!J(B22$B!$(B2001$B!K;2>H!#(B
$B!!7k2L$H9M;!!'@17A(BMF$B$+$i1d$S$kD9$$FM5/$,0O$`NN0h$K(B2$B8D$N(BDP$B:YK&$,B8:_!$N>e$K$"$j:YK&/$J$/(BPV$B$b>/$J$$!#N)BN9=C[A|$+$iF@$i$l$?(BDP$B:YK&$N%5%$%:$H:YK&$NA4MFNL$KBP$9$kHye0LS$H3K$N@j$a$k3d9g$O!$(BDP1$B:YK&!J(B474$B&L(Bm3$B!K$G$OHye0LS(B35$B!s!$3K(B32$B!s$G!$(BDP2$B:YK&!J(B280$B&L(Bm3$B!K$G$OHye0LS(B16$B!s!$3K(B51$B!s$G$"$j!$@.=O$9$k$K$D$l$FHye0LS$N@j$a$k3d9g$,A}2C!$L$=O$J:YK&$G$O:YK&/$J$/3K$,Bg$-$+$C$?!#(BDP1$B:YK&$N<4:w$OHye0LS$N4pIt$+$i@.BN$K$*$1$k$HF1MM$K1d$S$k$,!$(BDP2$B:YK&$N<4:w$O:YK&.?@7PB+$KF~$k!#>.?@7PB+$O@17A#M#F$NFM5/$N0O$`NN0hFb$K$"$kB@$$?@7PB+$K9gN.$9$k!#B@$$?@7PB+Fb$G$O(BDP$B:YK&$N<4:w$HB>$N?@7PA!0]$H$N<1JL$OFq$7$+$C$?!#@17A(BMF$B$OB??t$NFM5/$r1d$P$7$FB>$N@17A(BMF$B$NFM5/$H@\$7A4BN$H$7$FO6>u$N%M%C%H%o!<%/$r@.$7$F(BDP$B:YK&$d?@7PB+$r0O$`!#@17A(BMF$B$O8wpJs$r$b$H$KB>$N(BMF$B$HO"7H$7$F30Ee>e$NaO>uFM5/$r6I=jE*$K<}=L$5$;$k$H?dB,$5$l$k!#(B

2.$BD69b05EE;R82Hy6@$K$h$kM-5!2=9gJ*HyN3;R$N7k>=9=B$2r@O(B

$BBgLn!!40!$@g@P>;Li!J0&CN0e2JBg3X!K(B
$BM-0fC#IW(B

$B!!%,%9Cf>xH/K!$K$h$C$F:n@.$7$?M-5!J*HyN3;R$rD69b05EE;R82Hy6@$G4Q;!$7$?!#;nNA$OK'9aB2C:2=?eAG$N%3%m%M%s(B(C24H12)$BHyN3;R$G$"$k!#:rG/EY$^$G20H12$B!KHyN3;R(B[1,2]$B$HF1MM!$7k>=9=B$$OC1

=$G$"$k$,!$>=JJ$O%Z%j%l%sHyN3;R$NHD>u$KBP$7!$%3%m%M%sHyN3;R$O?K>u7k>=$,B?$/:n@.$5$l$k(B[2]$B!#M;E@$O%Z%j%l%s$NLs(B270$B!n$KBP$7%3%m%M%s$,Ls(B440$B!n$HM-5!J*$NCf$G$bHs>o$K0BDj$JJ* $B!!:#2s!$4Q;!$K@.8y$7$?%3%m%M%sHyN3;R$OIT3h@-%,%9$r(BAr,$B%,%905$r(B10Torr,$B;nNA$N>xH/29EY$r(B240$B!A(B260$B!n$N>r7o$G:n@.$7$?!#:n@.$5$l$?HyN3;R$N%b%k%U%)%m%8!<$O!$I}$,?t==(Bnm$B!$D9$5$,?t&L(Bm$B$N?K>u7k>=$,B?$/$_$i$l$?!#?^(B1$B$O$=$NBeI=E*$JHyN3;R$N3J;RA|$G$"$k!#3J;R=9=B$$N%G!<%?%Y!<%9$G$"$k(BASTM$B%+!<%I$K$h$k$H!$2s@^$,8=$l$k:G$bBg$-$J7k>=J}0L$NLL4V3V$O%3%m%M%s$N>l9gLs(B0.95nm$B$G$"$j!$$3$l$^$G$KCN$i$l$F$$$k$b$N$H$O0[$J$k7k>=9=B$$r;}$DHyN3;R$,:n@.$5$l$?2DG=@-$,$"$k!#$7$+$7$J$,$i!$%G!<%??t$,ITB-$7$F$$$k$?$a!$B>$NJ,@OJ}K!$G$b2r@O$r9T$$!$:#8e$b0z$-B3$-

$B!!;29MJ88%(B
$B!!(B1$B!%BgLn!!40!$@g@P>;Li!$M-0fC#IW!'2,:j9qN)6&F18&5f5!9=@8M}3X8&5f=jG/JsBh(B21$B4,(B pp.150-151
$B!!(B2$B!%BgLn!!40!$@g@P>;Li!$M-0fC#IW!'2,:j9qN)6&F18&5f5!9=@8M}3X8&5f=jG/JsBh(B22$B4,(Bpp.146-147

$B?^#1%,%9Cf>xH/K!$K$h$k%3%m%M%sHyN3;R$N3J;RA|!J(Bat 1,000$B#k(BV$B!K(B

$B?^#1%,%9Cf>xH/K!$K$h$k%3%m%M%sHyN3;R$N3J;RA|!J(Bat 1,000$B#k(BV$B!K(B

3.$B%"%/%A%s$NHy>.%/%j%9%?%k$NEE;R@~2s@^A|(B

$B0l3$9'8w!J0&CN8)N)7]=QBg3X!K(B
$BM-0fC#IW(B

$B!!Dc$$1vG;EY$N%"%/%A%sMO1U$K%b%kHf$G2a>j$J(BATP$B$r2C$($k$H%"%/%A%s$N%U%#%i%a%s%H$,=PMh$k!#$3$N%U%#%i%a%s%H$O2q9g$7$FHy>.$J%/%j%9%?%k$r:n$k!#2f!9$OHy>.%/%j%9%?%k$N9=B$$NFCD'$rL@$i$+$K$7$h$&$H;E;v$r?J$a$F$-$?!#8|$_$N$"$k(B3$Bl9g$K$O%7!<%H>u$N%/%j%9%?%k$,AX>u$K=E$J$C$F$$$k2DG=@-$,9b$$$,!J(B1$B!K!$(BHVEM$B$N>l9gDc3Q;6Mp$NNN0h$G==J,$J%3%s%H%i%9%H$N2s@^%9%]%C%H$,=P$K$/$$$H;W$o$l$k!#$=$3$G$4$/Gv$$%+%?%i!<%<%/%j%9%?%k$rMQ$$$F$3$N2s@^A|$NH? $B!!0J>e=R$Y$?$h$&$K(BHVEM$B$G$O@w?'$7$J$/$F$b%+%?%i!<%<%/%j%9%?%k$N$C$F!$$3$NJ}K!$K$h$l$P@w?'J*HHHo$N>l9g$h$j$O>/$J$/$J$k2DG=@-$,$"$k!#$5$i$K(BHVEM$B$G$O%$%a!<%8%s%0%W%l!<%H$,;HMQ$G$-!$>H/$J$/$7$F$b46EY$h$/2s@^A|$rB*$($k$3$H$,$G$-$k!#$3$N$h$&$JFC@-$r;}$D(BHVEM$B$rMQ$$$F8=:_%"%/%A%s%U%#%i%a%s%H$N%/%j%9%?%k$N4Q;!$r7QB3$7$F$$$k!#(B
$B!!!J(B1$B!K@8J*J*M}(B42$B4,(B S41$B!L(B2002$B!M0l3$9'8w!$M-0fC#IW%"%/%A%sHy>.%/%j%9%?%k$ND69b05EE;R@~2s@^(B

4.$B%.%c%C%W7k9g$GO"7k$7$?LVKl%K%e!<%m%s$NuFM5/$N9=B$(B

$BF|!!9b!!!!fb!JF#EDJ]7r1R@8Bg!&0e!&@8M}!K(B

$B!!8wpJs=hM}$N?@7P5!9=$N2r@O$K$H$C$F=EMW$G$"$k!#$3$l$^$G$K!$AP6K:YK&!$%"%^%/%j%s:YK&5Z$S?@7P@a:YK&$,F10l%?%$%W$N4V$GFCDj$N%b%6%$%/$rDh$7$J$,$i%.%c%C%W7k9g$GO"7k$7$F$$$k$3$H$rL@$i$+$K$7$?!#2f!9$O!$EE5$@8M}3XE*e$N0U5A$rD4$Y$F$$$k!#EE5$@8M}3XE*$KF1Dj$7$?LVKl%K%e!<%m%s$r:YK&FbI8<1$7!$D69b05EE;R82Hy6@$rMQ$$$F!$8|$5?t(Bmm$B$N $B!!;k3P@8M}3XE*$KD4$Y$FMh$?LVKl?@7P@a:YK&$K$D$$$F!$J?@.(B13$BG/EY$O0z$-B3$-!$%i%C%HLVKl$rMQ$$$F2r@O$7$?!#@.=O(BWistar$B7O%i%C%H$+$iGmN%$7$?A4:\LVKlI8K\$rMQ$$$F3K@w?'?'AG(BDAPI$B$GI8<1$7$?(Ba-$B?@7P@a:YK&$r7ABV3XE*$KF1Dj$7!$(B37$B!n$G(BO2/CO2$B$r6!5k$7$?(BAMES$B!GMO1U$G4CN.$7$J$,$iHy>.EE6KK!$^$?$O%Q%C%A%/%i%s%WK!$K$h$C$FEEN.CmF~$KBP$9$k%9%Q%$%/Ns1~Ez$r2r@O$7$?8e$K!$EE6KFb$K=uFM5/$N(B3$B $B!!EE5$@8M}3XE*$K2r@O$7$??@7P@a:YK&$N7ABV$r%k%7%U%!!<2+$NI8<1$+$i(Balpha-$B?@7P@a:YK&$H$7$FF1Dj$7$?!#AH?%2=3XH?1~!JF|9b$H66K\(B,1993$B!K$K$h$C$FCmF~$7$?(BNeurobiotin$B$N6I:_$r8!=P$7!$CmF~:YK&$+$i2s$j$NF17?$N:YK&$X(Btracer coupling$B$r<($7$?I8K\$rD69b05EE;R82Hy6@2r@O$KMQ$$$?!#8w3X82Hy6@2<$G$N4Q;!$+$i!$(BNeurobiotin$B$GI8<1$5$l$?NY@\$9$k(Balpha-$B?@7P@a:YK&$NuFM5/$N@hC@\$N@\?($N2DG=@-$,$"$k$H4Q;!$5$l$?I8K\$r!$8|$5(B3 mm$B$NLVKl?eJ?CG$NO"B3@ZJR$rMQ$$$FD69b05EE;R82Hy6@$G2r@O$7!$8w3X82Hy6@$G$N4Q;!$HD69b05EE;R82Hy6@$G$N2r@O$NBP1~$r;n$_$?!#8w3X82Hy6@$G8+$i$l$?uFM5/$N@hCuFM5/4V$N7k9g$,G'$a$i$l$?!J(BFig. 1A$B!K!#$=$3$K$OEE;RL)EY$N9b$$(Bclose membrane apposition$B$,4Q;!$5$l!$NY@\$9$kLVKl?@7P@a:YK&$NuFM5/4V$K%.%c%C%W7k9g$NB8:_$,9M$($i$l$?!#D6Gv@ZJR$G$N2r@O$+$i!$(BNeurobiotin$B$GI8<1$5$l$?NY@\$9$k(Balpha-$B?@7P@a:YK&$NuFM5/4V$G7ABV3XE*$KG'$a$i$l$k%.%c%C%W7k9g$rF1Dj$7$?!J(BFig. 1B$B!K!#:G6a!$2f!9$O(BWistar$B7O%i%C%HLVKl$N?@7P@a:YK&$,%.%c%C%W7k9g%A%c%M%kCAGr!&%3%M%-%7%s(B36$B$rH/8=$7$F$$$k$3$H$rL@$i$+$K$7$?!J(BHidaka$BEy(B, 2002$B!K!#:#2s$ND69b05EE;R82Hy6@2r@O$GF1Dj$7$?NY@\$9$kLVKl?@7P@a:YK&4V$N%.%c%C%W7k9g$NB8:_$O!$%3%M%-%7%s(B36$B$N:YK&H/8=$KBP1~$7!$$^$?!$?@7P@a:YK&4V$N%.%c%C%W7k9g$K%3%M%-%7%s(B36$B%A%c%M%k$,6I:_$7$F$$$k$3$H$,<(:6$5$l$?!#LVKl?@7P@a:YK&$G$N%3%M%-%7%s(B36$B$NH/8=$H:YK&4V$G$N%.%c%C%W7k9g$N7A@.$N;k3P5!G=$rEE5$@8M}3XE*$K2r@O$7$F$$$k!#(B
$B!!(B[$BJ88%(B]
$B!!F|9b!!fb(B, $B66K\MU;R(B(1993) $B%S%*%A%sJ#9gJ*!J(Bbiocytin, Neurobiotin$B!KCmF~$K$h$k:YK&FbI8<1K!$H?@7P7O2r@O$X$N1~MQ(B. $BF|K\@8M};o!!(B55: 241-254.

Fig.1

5.Leupeptin$BEjM?8e$N%i%C%H4N:YK&$K$*$1$k:YK&

$BLnED!!5|!J5~ETBg3XBg3X1!0e3X8&5f2J@8BN9=B$0e3X9V:B!K(B

$B!!$3$l$^$G(Bleupeptin$BEjM?8e$N%i%C%H4N:YK&$O<+8JlE?)$r<($9'$5$l$F$-$?>.K&BNKl$G$"$k$+H]$+$r2~$a$F8!>Z$7$?!#(B
$B!!%i%C%H$K(Bleupeptin$B$r(B2mg/100$B#g$NNL$GEjM?$7!$EjM?8e(B20$BJ,8e$K4N$r4TN.8GDj$7$?!#BP>H72$K$OLt:^$rEjM?$7$J$$@5>o%i%C%H$N4N$rMQ$$$?!#$=$l$>$l$+$i:N$l$rEE82$G4Q;!$7$?!#(B
$B!!Lt:^EjM?8e$N4N:YK&$K$O<+8JlE?)K&MM9=B$$,8=$l$?$,!$$=$l$i$NB?$/$O7A2<$K$O0lIt!$3jLL2=$7$?>.K&BN$,B8:_$7$F$$$?!#$^$?<+8JlE?)K&MM9=B$$K$O$7$P$7$PAFLL>.K&BN$+$i1d$S$k%j%\%>!<%`$r7g$$$?AXHD$,0lBN2=$7$F$$$k$b$N$bG'$a$i$l$?!#5)$K7A $B!!%U%'%j%7%"%s2=%+%j%&%`!&%*%9%_%&%`K!$G7Au$r4Q;!$7$?$H$3$m!$@5>o%i%C%H$G$O0lIt$G;X>u4YF~MM$N9=B$$r$r$H$k$,!$$=$NB>$NIt0L$OD>@~E*$J:YK&6-3&$r<($7$?!#(BLeupeptin$BEjM?8e$N$b$N$G$O7Au$K$I$A$i$+0lJ}$N:YK&$N:YK&oAH?%$KHf3S$7$FA}2C$7$F$*$j!$$^$?D>@\7A $B!!0J>e$N7k2L$h$j!$(Bleupeptin$B$KM65/$5$l$?<+8JlE?)K&$H$3$l$^$G8F$P$l$F$$$?$b$N$NCf$K$ONY@\$9$k:YK&C2=$9$kFC.K&BN$G$O$J$/!$7A.K&BNM3Mh$NAXHD$,<+8JlE?)K&MM9=B$$H0lBN2=$7$F$$$k$b$N$b4Q;!$5$l$F$$$k$3$H$+$i!$>.K&BNM3Mh$N8B3&Kl$r$b$D<+8JlE?)K&$N=P8=$bH]Dj$G$-$J$$!#$7$+$7!$$3$l$i$N9=B$$NCf$K$O7A2<$N>.K&BN$,NY@\$9$k:YK&

6.$BD69b05EE;R82Hy6@$rMQ$$$??@7P:YK&$N;0

$B>._70l;K!$

$B!!K\8&5f$O!$D69b05EE;R82Hy6@$N9b2rA|NO$H%9%F%l%*4Q;!8z2L$rMxMQ$7!$$N?@7P:YK&$ND6Hy:Y9=B$JQ2=$K$D$$$F;0o$NF)2a7?EE;R82Hy6@$K$h$k4Q;!$+$i!$MM!9$J:YK&BNFb$NJQ2=$d%7%J%W%9$NJQ2=Ey$,G'$a$i$l$?$,!$FC$K<4:v$duFM5/$NJQ2=$K$D$$$F$OFspJs$,F@$i$l$J$$$G$$$?!#$7$+$7!$D69b05EE;R82Hy6@$rMQ$$$F!$%4%k%8EO6d@w?'$r9T$C$?;nNA$r%9%F%l%*4Q;!$9$k$3$H$K$h$j!$FC$KuFM5/5Z$S$=$N[y!J(Bspines$B!K$NJQ2=$r%@%$%J%_%C%/$KB*$($k$3$H$,=PMh$?!#BgG>HiuFM5/$N[y$,A/$d$+$K4Q;!$5$l$k$N$KBP$7$F!$O72=F0J*!J(B24$B%v7nNp$N%i%C%H!K$G$O$3$l$i$NL)EY$,Dc2<$7!$$^$?[y$N7ABV$,0`=L$9$k$h$&$JA|$,4Q;!$5$l!$O72=$KH<$&JQF0$,82Cx$K4Q;!$5$l$?!#$^$?!$%9%F%m%$%I%[%k%b%suFM5/$N7ABVJQ2=$,<(:6$5$l!$Js9p$5$l$F$$$k!#$3$l$i$N8=>]$r!$$h$jN)BNE*$K$+$D>\:Y$K4Q;!$9$kL\E*$G!$D69b05EE;R82Hy6@$rMQ$$$F!$MM!9$J%9%F%m%$%I%[%k%b%s$NJQ2=!$Nc$($P@-A#E&=P$K$h$k@-%[%k%b%s7gG!>uBV$dI{?UE&=P$K$h$k%3%k%A%3%9%F%m%$%I$N7gG!>uBV!$$"$k$$$O7gMn$5$;$?%[%k%b%s$NJd=<$K$h$k?@7P:YK&$X$N1F6A$K$D$$$F!$8=:_!$$5$i$K4Q;!$rB3$1$F$$$k!#(B

$B?^(B1$B!!(B2$B%v7nNp%i%C%H$NBgG>Hi<A?@7P:YK&<y>uFM5/$N%9%F%l%*A|(B

$B?^(B1$B!!(B2$B%v7nNp%i%C%H$NBgG>HiuFM5/$N%9%F%l%*A|(B

$B?^(B2$B!!(B24$B%v7nNp%i%C%H$NBgG>Hi<A?@7P:YK&<y>uFM5/$N%9%F%l%*A|(B

$B?^(B2$B!!(B24$B%v7nNp%i%C%H$NBgG>HiuFM5/$N%9%F%l%*A|(B

7.$BSL5e%K%e!<%m%s$NDjNLE*;0

$BHuED0lFA!JFAEgBg3X0e3XIt!K(B

$B!!SL3P$N0l $B!!K\8&5f$O!$D69b05EE;R82Hy6@(BH1250M$B$N(B1000kV$B$N2CB.EE05$K$h$k9b2rA|NO$rMxMQ$7!$SL5e!&;e5eBNAX$N2p:_%K%e!<%m%s$NJ#;($JuFM5/LV$N;0uFM5/LV$r9=@.$9$k(Btyrosine hydroxylase (TH) $BLH1VM[@-2p:_%K%e!<%m%s$K>GE@$r9J$j2r@O$r9T$J$C$?$b$N$G$"$k!#(B
$B!!J}K!$O:rG/EY$K0z$-B3$-!$93(BTH$B93BN!$%S%*%A%s2=(B2$BGE@%l!<%6!<82Hy6@$K$h$C$F4Q;!8e!$$3$l$K6dA}46(B DAB $BH/?'$r1~MQ$7$F(BTH$B%K%e!<%m%s$rA*BrE*$KI8<1$7$?!#%(%]%sJqKd8e$3$l$r:G=*E*$K(B5$B&L(Bm$B8|$N@ZJR$KGv@Z$7!$D69b05EE;R82Hy6@$K$FN)BN2r@O$r9T$J$C$?!#(B
$B!!(BTH$B%K%e!<%m%s$OuAX!JI=AX!K$K$+$1$FB8:_$9$k!J?^(B1$B!K!#D69b05EE;R82Hy6@$K$h$j!$;e5eBNFb$NuFM5/$O7B(B1$B&L(Bm$B$rD6$($kHf3SE*B@$$uFM5/$H!$7B(B1$B&L(Bm$B0J2<$N:Y$$FM5/$,8_$$$KMm$_9g$C$F$$$k$N$,4Q;!$5$l$k!#$3$N$&$AB@$$FM5/$OJ,;^9=B$$,>/$J$/D>@~E*$KAv9T$7$F$$$k$N$,FCD'E*$G$"$k!#0lJ}:Y$$FM5/$OHf3SE*B?$/$NJ,;^9=B$$rM-$7!$;~$K?tu$KGHBG$C$?9=B$$rDh$7$F$$$k$N$,FCD'E*$G$"$C$?!J?^(B2$B!K!#0JA04Q;!$r9T$C$?(B calbindin$BLH1VM[@-2p:_%K%e!<%m%s$N$h$&$KuFM5/$,;e5eBNFb$NFCDj$NNN0h$K8B6I$7$FJ,I[$9$k$3$H$J$/!$N>%?%$%W$NFM5/6&$h$j9-HO$JNN0h$KFM5/$r?-D9$7$F$$$k$3$H$,L@$i$+$H$J$C$?!#8=:_!$$3$l$i$N(B2$B $B!!(BTH$B%K%e!<%m%s$N$h$&$KJ#;($JuFM5/LV$N8D!9$NFM5/9=B$$K$D$$$F$O6&>GE@%l!<%6!<82Hy6@$N2rA|NO$N8B3&$rD6$(!$$=$N>\:Y$OL@$i$+$K$J$C$F$$$J$$!#$3$N$?$aD69b05EE;R82Hy6@$K$h$k9b2rA|NO$,4|BT$5$l!$:#8eO"B3@ZJR$K$h$kN)BN2r@O$b7W2h$7$F$$$k!#(B

$B?^#1(B $B%i%C%HSL5e$N;e5eBNAX$h$j$N30LV>uAX$K8+$i$l$k(BTH$B%K%e!<%m%s!#(BBar; 20$B&L#m!#(B

$B?^#1(B $B%i%C%HSL5e$N;e5eBNAX$h$j$N30LV>uAX$K8+$i$l$k(BTH$B%K%e!<%m%s!#(BBar; 20$B&L#m!#(B

$B?^#2(B $B%i%C%HSL5e;e5eBNFb$K$*$1$k(BTH$B%K%e!<%m%s$N<y>uFM5/9=B$!#(BBar; 20$B&L#m!#(B

$B?^#2(B $B%i%C%HSL5e;e5eBNFb$K$*$1$k(BTH$B%K%e!<%m%s$NuFM5/9=B$!#(BBar; 20$B&L#m!#(B

8.$B>.G>JQ@->I%^%&%9$K$*$1$k>.G>%W%k%-%s%(:YK&7ABVJQ2=$ND6Hy:Y(B3$B

RHYU, Im-Joo$B!J(BKorea$BBg3X0e3XIt!K(B
$BM-0fC#IW!$0fK\!!7IFs(B

$B!!(BThe rolling mouse Nagoya (tgrol/tgrol) is a spontaneous P/Q-type calcium channel mutant, which is suggested as an animal model for human neurologic disease such as autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia (SCA6), familial hemiplegic migraine, and episodic ataxia type-2. Morphology of the spines is reported to reflect functional status of the neurons. To understand the functional status of Purkinje cell in calcium channel insufficiency, dendritic spines were analyzed quantitatively.
$B!!(BAfter rapid Golgi preparations of the rolling and wild cerebellum, the blocks were embedded in Epon-Araldite mixture. 4-mm sections were cut and observed with high voltage electron microscopy operated at 1,000 kV. Dendritic spine density and length of the spine were measured with NIH image.
$B!!(BMany spines emanating from the proximal dendrites in rolling mice were observed. The average spine density was 2.12 $B!^(B 0.18/10 mm in wild and 1.78 $B!^(B 0.22/10 mm in rolling. The average length of the spines was 1.12 $B!^(B 0.21 mm in wild and 0.82 $B!^(B 0.21 mm in rolling. The density and height of the spines were significantly decreased in rolling Purkinje cells (p $B!c(B 0.01).

9.$B@1>u%0%j%":YK&FM5/$N(BCT$B2r@O(B

$B_@!!@6(B
M. Ellisman, M. Martone, N. Yamada (Univ. Calif. NCMIR)

$B!!2f!9$O9b$$EE;R@~F)2aG=$H!$(B5$B%_%/%m%s$r1[$($k@8J*;nNA$G$b(B4$B!](B5$B%J%N%a%?!<$N2rA|NO$,4|BT$G$-$k(B1,000kV$BD69b05EE;R82Hy6@$NFC@-$rMxMQ$7$F!$u%0%j%":YK&FM5/$N(B3$B $B!!3$GO5Z$S!$BgG>Hiu%0%j%":YK&$NFM5/$r(B3$B%_%/%m%s$N@ZJR$rMQ$$$F!$(BCT$B$r9T$C$?(B($BNc$($P?^(B1)$B!#(B
$B!!D69b05EE82$rMQ$$$F!](B60$BEY$+$i!\(B60$BEY$^$G(B2$BEY4V3V$GO"B379

$B%0%j%

10.$B%W%m%H%W%i%9%H$NM;9g2aDx$K$*$1$k%M%C%H%o!<%/7A@.(B

$BC+8}H~7C;R!$NkLZHKFs!$9-@%5.;N!JL>8E20Bg3X9)3X8&5f2J!K(B

$B!!?"J*G]M\:YK&$K!$%Q%k%9EE>l$r$+$1$k$H:YK&M;9g$,!$$*$3$k!#(B AC $BEE>l$G!$:YK&F1;N$,@\9g$7!$(BDC $BEE>l$G(B
$B!!M;9g$,!$3+;O$9$k!#$3$N2aDx$G!$%"%/%A%s%U%#%i%a%s%H$,!$%M%C%H%o!<%/$r7A@.$7!$:YK&M;9g$KI,MW$J9=B$$r!$9=C[$9$k!#:#2s$O!$%"%/%A%s%U%#%i%a%s%H$r7k$S$D$1$F$$$k%8%g%$%s%HJ,;R$N9=B$$r!$$h$j9bJ,2rG=$G$H$i$($k$3$H$rL\E*$H$7$F$$$k!#D69b05EE82$N;}$D?<$$>GE@? $B!!%@%$%:5Z$S%l%?%9$r!$L@!&0E<<$G!$G]M\$7!$%W%m%H%W%i%9%H$r!$D4@0$9$k!#$3$l$K!$(BAC $B5Z$S(B DC $BEE>l$r$+$1$F!$:YK&M;9g$r!$5/$3$5$;8GDjJqKd$7$?@ZJR;nNA$r:n@.$7$F!$D69b05EE;R82Hy6@$rMQ$$$F!$@ZJR;nNA$r!$<<29$G$^$?$O1UBNCbAG29EY$^$GNd5Q$7$F!$%9%F%l%*4Q;!$9$k$3$H$K$h$j!$%"%/%A%s%U%#%i%a%s%H$K7k9g$7$F$$$k%_%*%7%sMMJ,;R$N9=B$$r!$L@$i$+$K$7$h$&$H;n$_$F$$$k$H$3$m$G$"$k!#(B
$B!!$^$?!$$3$N$[$+$K!$%_%*%7%sC1J,;R$N1?F0$K4XO"$7$F$N@^$l6J$,$j0LCV$K4X$9$k>pJs$rF@$k$?$a$K!$?];@%&%i%s$K$h$k%M%,%F%#%V@w?'$r!$;n$_$?!#(B

11.$B%^%&%9$H%i%C%H$K$*$1$kuFM5/%9%Q%$%s$NIQEY$*$h$SBg$-$5$NHf3S(B

$B_@!!@6(B

$B!!Cf?u?@7P:YK&$K$H$C$Fl$G$"$k%9%Q%$%s$O!$6=J3EAC#8zN($ND4@a$H%7%J%W%92DA:@-$K=EMW$J4X$o$j$r;}$C$F$$$k!#$=$3$G8w82$K$h$k7ABV$N2r@O$,9T$o$l$F$-$?$,!$8w82$G$OJ,2rG=$N8B3&$,$"$j!$??$NCM$r5a$a$k$3$H$,:$Fq$G$"$k!#$=$3$GD69b05EE82$rMQ$$$F!$8|$$;nNA$rN)BN4Q;!$7!$2r@O$9$k$3$H$K$h$j!$DjNLE*$JCM$r5a$a$kJ}K!$rMQ$$$FeFM5/%9%Q%$%s$NIQEY$NCM$O!$4{$KJs9p$7$F$$$k$h$&$K!$:YK&$N3K$K6a$$$H$3$m$G$O!$(B(3.4$B!^(B0.4)$B8D(B/mm $B3K$+$iN%$l$?0LCV$G(B (2.0$B!^(B0.3$B8D(B)/mm $B$G$"$k!#$3$N$H$-$N%9%Q%$%s$NI=LL@Q$HuFM5/$NI=LL@Q$K$b0lDj$N4X78$,$"$k!#%^%&%9$K$*$$$F$O!$$3$l$i$NCM$,!$$I$N$h$&$KJQ2=$9$k$+$rDjNLE*$K5a$a$kJ}8~$G!$8&5f$r?J$a$F$$$k!#(B

12.$BMcrItF34I:YK&$N(Bportasome$B$N9=B$$HJ,I[(B

$BB<>e@/N4(B
Bernard Tandler$B!$(BCarlton J. Phillips$B!J=#N)%F%-%5%9%F%C%/Bg3X4D6-7r9/8&5f=j!$M}3XIt@8J*3X!K(B

$B!!:+CnMDCn$NCfD2$G1IM\J*5[<}$NBh0lCJ3,$rC4$&KlM"AwBNCAGr$N$R$H$D(BH+ V-ATPase$B$N(BV1 subunit$B$,(Bmicrovilli$B:YK&KlD>2<$KB8:_$9$kLs(B10nm$B$NN3;R(Bportasome$B$K6I:_$9$k$3$H$,8+$$=P$5$l$?!#$3$N(Bportasome$B$NB8:_$OL5@TDGF0J*$"$k$$$O%+%a$GCN$i$l$F$$$k$,!$S.F}N`$K$D$$$F$OCN$i$l$F$$$J$+$C$?!#:G6a2LJ*$r1B$H$9$krItF34I:YK&$K$3$N(Bportasome$B$,B?NL$K8+$$=P$5$l$?!#0lHL$KBC1UA#@~>rItF34I:YK&$O!$(BNa$B:F5[<}(BK$BJ,Hg5!G=$r$b$A!$(BATPase$B3h@-$,9b$/!$(BH+$B%]%s%W$r$b$D$H$$$o$l$F$-$?$,!$(Bportasome$B$N7ABV!?J,I[$H5!G=H/8=$N4XO"$OITL@$G$"$k!#J?@.(B13$BG/EY!$D69b05EE82$rMQ$$!$8|$$;nNA$rN)BN4Q;!$7!$@~>rItF34I:YK&$K$*$1$k(Bportasome$B$N9=B$$H:YK&FbJ,I[$rN)BNE*$K4Q;!$7!$M"Aw5!G=$H$N4XO"$r2r@O$9$kL\E*$G!$7W2h$r?=@A:NBr$5$l$?$,!$;DG0$J$3$H$K(B9$B7n(B11$BF|$NF1;~B?H/%F%m;v7o$K$h$j!$6&F18&5f

$B!TD69b05EE;R82Hy6@6&F1MxMQ

A$B!K1QJ886CxO@J8(B

1)
Noda T, Fujimoto K, Ide C (2001) Annulate lamellae are interconnected by three distinct cisternal structures.Acta Histochem. Cytochem. 34, 103-110.
2)
Nagata, T (2001) Three-dimensional high voltage electron microscopy of thick biological specimens. Micron 32, 387-404.
3)
Murakawa R, Kosaka, T (2001) Structural features of mossy cells in the hamster dentate gyrus, with special references to somatic thorny excrescences. J. Comp. Neurol. 429, 113-126.
4)
Kosaka K, Aika Y, Toida K, Kosaka T (2001) Structure of intraglomerular dendritic tufts of mitral cells and their contacts with olfactory nerve terminals and calbindin-immunoreactive type 2 periglomerular neurons. J. Comp. Neurol. 440, 219-235.
5)
Saito Y, Katsumaru H, Wilson C J, Murakami F (2001) Light and electron microscopic study of corticorubral synapses in adult cat: evidence for extensive synaptic remodeling during postnatal development. J. Comp. Neurol. 440, 236-244.

B) $B3X2qH/I=(B

1)
$BJR6ME8;R!$=E>>9/=(!$JR6M9/M:!J(B2001.2$B!KL5@TDGF0J*!JJ"B-N`!K$N30EeAH?%$KJ,I[$9$k6ZA!0]$N;0
2)
$BF|9b!!fb!$5\CO1I0l!J(B2001.3$B!K?@7P7O$GH/8=$9$k%.%c%C%W7k9g%A%c%M%kCAGr!&%3%M%-%7%s$N2r@O!#Bh(B78$B2sF|K\@8M}3X2qBg2q!J5~ET!K(B
3)
Toida K(2001.4) Cathecolaminergic Neurons in the Olfactory Bulb. The 9th Intern. Catecholamine Symposium (Joint Congress with "The 5th Intern. Conf. Progress in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Disease") (Kyoto)
4)
$B>._70l;K!$$N?@7P:YK&$ND6Hy:Y9=B$!#Bh(B106$B2sF|K\2rK63X2qA49q3X=Q=82q(B ($BFn9q(B)
5)
$BJR6ME8;R!$=E>>9/=(!$M-0fC#IW!$JR6M9/M:!J(B2001.5$B!KJ"B-N`$N30EeAH?%$K$_$i$l$k6ZA!0]$ND69b05EE824Q;!$H$=$NN)BN:F9=C[!#F|K\EE;R82Hy6@3X2qBh(B57$B2s3X=Q9V1i2q!JJ!2,!K(B
6)
$BHuED0lFA(B (2001.5) $B6&>GE@%l!<%6!<82Hy6@$rAH$_$"$o$;$?EE;R82Hy6@O"B3@ZJR:F9=C[K!$K$h$kSL5e%K%e!<%m%s9=@.$N;0
7)
Hama K (2001.5) High voltage electron microscope in cell and tissue research. Korea Elect Micros Soc.(Korea)
8)
$B>._70l;K!$Hi
9)
$BJR6ME8;R!$=E>>9/=(!$M-0fC#IW!$JR6M9/M:(B(2001.10) $B%$%=%"%o%b%AMDF0J*$NHiIf8w3P:YK&$HFC0[$J@17A6Z:YK&$ND69b05EE824Q;!!#Bh(B72$B2sF|K\F0J*3X2qBg2q!JJ!2,!K(B
10)
Toida K (2001.12) Neuronal organization in the rat olfactory bulb. The 6th Japan-China Joint Meeting on Histochemistry and Cytochemistry$B!JBh(B42$B2sF|K\AH?%:YK&2=3X2qAm2q!&3X=Q=82q7s:E!K(B($BEl5~(B)

$B$3$N%Z!<%8$N@hF,$X(B$BG/JsL\<!$XLa$k(B$B@8M}8&%[!<%`%Z!<%8$X(B
Copyright(C) 2002 National Institute for Physiological Sciences