$B@8M}3X8&5f=jG/Js(B($BBh(B26$B4,(B)

$B!!(B$B@8M}3X8&5f=jG/Js(B$B!!Bh(B26$B4,(B
$B!!(B$B8&5f2qJs9p(B	$$BG/JsL\<!$XLa$k(B$

19$B!%(BNa$B%A%c%M%k$H:YK&5!G=(B

2004$BG/(B6$B7n(B24$BF|!](B6$B7n(B25$BF|(B
$BBeI=!&@$OC?M!'=oJ}!!@kK.!J9-EgBg3XBg3X1!!K(B
$B=jFbBP1~

$B!J#1!K(B: Na⁺$B%A%c%M%k$H@8J*?J2=$N2>@bDs>'(B

$B5HED!!HK!J6a5&Bg3X!&M}9)3XIt!&@8L?2J3X2J!K(B
$B!J#2!K(B: $BEE0L%;%s%5!<$NF0:n86M}(B

$B5WLZED!!J8IW!J<+A32J3X8&5f5!9=!&E}9g%P%$%*%5%$%(%s%9%;%s%?!
$B!J#3!K(B: Slow removal of Na⁺ channel inactivation underlies the temporal filtering property in the teleost thalamic neurons

$B2,!!NIN4!JEl5~Bg3XBg3X1!!&M}3X7O8&5f2J!K(B
$B!J#4!K(B: $B%^%&%98e:,?@7P@a%K%e!<%m%s$K$*$1$kEE0L0MB8@-(BNa$B%A%c%M%k$N5!G=E*J,N`!!(B

$B=oJ}!!@kK.!J9-EgBg3XBg3X1!!&0e;uLt3XAm9g8&5f2J!K(B
$B!J#5!K(B: Na_x$B%A%c%M%k$N@8M}5!G=(B

$B[X;3!!Ip;K!J<+A32J3X8&5f5!9=!&4pAC@8J*3X8&5f=j!K(B
$B!J#6!K(B: $B>eHi7?(BNa$B%A%c%M%k(B (ENaC) $B3h@-2=0x;R%W%m%9%?%7%s$K$h$k?UB!$G$N(BNa$B:F5[<}D4@a(B

$BKLB
$B!J#7!K(B: $B>eHi7?(BNa$B%A%c%M%k(B (ENaC) $B$N?;F)05$K$h$k@)8f5!9=(B

$B4]Cf!!NIE5!J5~ETI\N)0e2JBg3XBg3X1!!&0e3X8&5f2J!K(B
$B!J#8!K(B: Nav1.6$B%A%c%M%k$N;}B3@-(BNa$BEEN.$N@)8f5!9=(B

$BGrH(!!X*H~!J;37ABg3X0e3XItH/C#@8BNKI8f3X9V:B>.;y2J0e2J3XJ,Ln!K(B
$B!J#9!K(B: $B<4:w5/;OIt$H%i%s%S%(@a$KFC0[E*$J%9%Z%/%H%j%s:YK&Kl9|3J$N5!G=(B

$B6pED!!2mG7!JEl5~9)6HBg3X!&Bg3X1!!&@8L?M}9)3X8&5f2J!K(B
$B!J(B10$B!K(B: $B?46Z(BNa$B%A%c%M%kIB$NJ,;RIBBV(B

$B<,ED!!D>>;!JKL3$F;Bg3XBg3X1!!&0e3X8&5f2J!K(B
$B!J(B11$B!K(B: $B?46Z(BNa$B%A%c%M%k0dEA;RJQ0[$K$h$kCW;`@-IT@0L.<@45$NEE5$@8M}3X$H%3%s%T%e!<%?!<%7%e%_%l!<%7%g%s(B

$B0fK\!!7IFs!J<+A32J3X8&5f5!9=!&@8M}3X8&5f=j!K(B
$B!J(B12$B!K(B: $B$F$s$+$s$H%J%H%j%&%`%A%c%M%k0dEA;RJQ0[(B

$B;3@n!!OB90!JM}2=3X8&5f=j!&G>2J3XAm9g8&5f%;%s%?!
$B!J(B13$B!K(B: $B4(NdM6H/@-Dc(BK⁺$B@-<~4|@-;M;hKcac$K$*$1$kJQ0[(BNa⁺ $B%A%c%M%k$N29EY0MB8@-(B

$B?y1:!!2EBY!JJ!Eg8)N)0e2JBg3X!&0e3XIt!&?@7PFb2J3X9V:B!K(B
$B!J(B14$B!K(B: $B9|3J6Z<@45$H(BNa$B%A%c%M%k0[>o(B

$B9b66!!@55*!JBg:eBg3XBg3X1!!&0e3X7O8&5f2J!&?@7P5!G=0e3X9V:B!K(B

$B!Z;22C![(B
$B5HED(B $BHK!J6a5&Bg!&M}9)3X!K!$;3@n(B $BOB90!JM}2=3X8&!K!$9b66(B $B@55*!JBg:eBgBg1!!&0e!K!$@DCS(B $BB@;V!JBg:eBgBg1!!&0e!K!$=oJ}(B $B@kK.!J9-EgBgBg1!!&0e;uLt!K!$3AB<(B $B=g0l!J9-EgBgBg1!!&0e;uLt!K!$E"(B $BBY@1!J9-EgBgBg1!!&0e;uLt!K!$>>IY(B $BCR:H!J9-EgBgBg1!!&0e;uLt!K!$CfK\(B $B@i@t!J9-EgBgBg1!!&0e;uLt!K!$[X;3(B $BIp;K!J4p@88&!K!$@6?e(B $B=(Ci!J4p@88&!K!$EOJU(B $B1Q<#!J4p@88&!K!$LnED(B $B>;@2!J4p@88&!K!$<,ED(B $BD>>;!JKL3$F;Bg3XBg1!!&0e!K!$?y1:(B $B2EBY!JJ!Eg8)N)0e2JBg!&0e!K!$H~!J5~ETI\N)0e2JBgBg1!!&@8M}5!G=@)8f!K!$5\:j(B $BM5L@!J5~ETI\N)0e2JBgBg1!!&@8M}5!G=@)8f!K!$ARIY(B $BG&!J5~ETI\N)0e2JBgBg1!!&@8M}5!G=@)8f!K!$KLB<(B $B7r0lO:!J7'K\BgBg1!!&0e3XLt!K!$0BC#(B $B@5N4!J7'K\BgBg1!!&0e3XLt!K!$Ui5H(B $BBs!J7'K\BgBg1!!&0e!K!$0fK\(B $B7IFs!J@8M}8&!K!$GrH((B $BX*H~!J;37ABg!&0e!K!$5WLZED(B $BJ8IW!J2,:jE}9g%P%$%*%5%$%(%s%9%;%s%?!

$B!Z35MW![(B
$B!!EE0L0MB8@-(BNa$B%A%c%M%k$O!$B?:YK&F0J*$KIaJWE*$KB8:_$7!$?@7P6Z$N6=J3@-$r7hDj$9$k=EMW$JAG;RJ,;R$G$"$k!#6aG/$N8&5f$K$h$j(BNa$B%A%c%M%k$N@8M}5!G=$dJ,;RMh9M$($i$l$F$-$?0J>e$KB?MM$G$"$j!$8EE5E*$J?@7P<4:w$G$N6=J3EAF30J30$KCf?u?@7P:YK&$G$N>pJsE}9g!$%j%:%`7A@.!$?@7P2DA:@-!$1vG;EYD4@a$J$I$NLr3d$,L@$i$+$K$5$l$F$-$?!#$=$N0lJ}!$EE0L0MB8@-(BNa$B%A%c%M%k$N5!G=0[>o$O!$$F$s$+$s$J$I$N?@7P<@45!$?4<@45!$6Z<@45!$0[>o$JDK3P$N7A@.$K?<$/4X$o$j!$$^$?IT@0L.<#NELt!$$F$s$+$s<#NELt$d!$DK$_$N@)8f$r;O$a$H$9$kAOLt$N%?!<%2%C%H$H$7$F$b8&5f$,@9$s$G$"$k!#=>Mh$NEE5$@8M}3XE*!$J,;R@8J*3XE*8&5f$NC_@Q$O!$:#8e1W!98DBN%l%Y%k$G$N@8M}5!G=$dIBBV$NM}2r$X8~$1$FE}9g$5$l$k$3$H$,4|BT$5$l$H$*$j!$%2%N%`>pJs!$@8J*J*M}3XE*2r@O!$H/8=@)8f5!9=!$%b%G%j%s%0!$0dEA;R2~JQF0J*!$0dEAIB!$J,;RAOLt$J$I!$MM!9$J4QE@$+$i$N8&5f$,=EMW@-$rA}$7$F$$$k!#:#2s$N8&5f2q$O!$FsF|4V$KEO$j3+:E$9$k$b$N$G4pK\E*$K$OJ?@.(B13$BG/EY$K9T$J$o$l$?@8M}8&8&5f2q!V(BNa$B%A%c%M%k$N9=B$$H5!G=!W$K0z$-B3$/;n$_$G$"$k$,!$(BNa$B%A%c%M%k$N@8J*J*M}FC@-$@$1$G$J$/!$@8M}5!9=$+$iIBBV$^$G$r4^$`8&5fFbMF$r@9$j9~$_!$E}9g@8L?2J3X$H$7$F$N>-Mh$X$NE8K>$rC5$k!#(B

$B!J(B1$B!K(BNa⁺$B%A%c%M%k$H@8J*?J2=$N2>@bDs>'(B

$B5HED!!HK!J6a5&Bg3X!&M}9)3XIt!&@8L?2J3X2J!K(B

$B!!G>DlIt$N7A$rJ#;($K$7(BCSF$B$NCf$KD@$s$G$$$kG>$rF,389|$KVH$a9~$s$G8GDj$7$F$$$k!#9EKl%F%s%H$G;E@Z$k$3$H$K$h$jBgG>!&>.G>Ey$r8GDj$7$F$$$k!#G>$N8+$+$1$N=ENL$r(BCSF$B$K$h$C$F7c8:$5$;>W7b$+$i<<$NDlIt$r@.$9(BME$B$N>e0a:YK&AX$O!$(Bconcentration-sensitive Na⁺ channel (Na C; c = concentration) $B$r4^$`(Btanycytes$B$h$j@.$k!#%^%&%9G>%9%i%$%9$r(BNa⁺$B46+]o$BJQ2=$KBP$9$k(B [Na⁺]i$BJQF0$r4Q;!$7$?!#(BNa C$B$O(B[Na⁺]o$B>e>:$KH?1~$9$k$,!$(B[Na⁺]o$B2<9_!&?;F)05JQ2=!&(BTTX$BEjM?$K$OL5H?1~!#>e0a:YK&AX$O(BNa⁺$B%;%s%5!<$G$"$jL.MmAQ$N;:@8$9$k(BCSF$B$N(BNa⁺$BG;EY$r%b%K%?!<$7$F$$$k!#30AX$O?;F)05%;%s%5!<$G$"$j(BCSF$B$N?;F)05$r%b%K%?!<$7$F$$$k!#(BNa_C$B$K$O(B2$BC$B$OIaCJ$O3+$$$F$$$k$,(B [Na⁺]o $B>e>:$GJD$8$k!#L.MmAQ$N6a$/$KB8:_$9$k(Bcircumventricular organs$B!J(BME$B$N>e0a:YK&AX$r4^$`!K$O(BNa_C$B$r;}$A(BCSF$B$N(BNa$BG;EY$r%b%K%?!<$7$FL.MmAQ$N(BCSF$B;:@8@)8f$K4X78$7$F$$$k$H9M$($i$l$k!#L.MmAQ$+$i1s$$(BME$B$N30AX$OG><<$+$i%/%bKl2<9P$K=P$?(BCSF$B$NHf=E$r%b%K%?!<$7$FG>$NIbM7>uBV%3%s%H%m!<%k$K4X78$7$F$$$k$H9M$($i$l$k!#(BNa_C$B$OF0J*?J2=$KH<$&G>$NHnBg2=$r?d?J$7$?MW0x$N$R$H$D$G$O$J$$$+!)(B

$B!J(B2$B!KEE0L%;%s%5!<$NF0:n86M}(B

$B5WLZED!!J8IW!J<+A32J3X8&5f5!9=!&2,:jE}9g%P%$%*%5%$%(%s%9%;%s%?!

$B!!MO1U$NG4@-$O%2!<%H5!9=$rCY$/$9$k!#EE0L%;%s%5!<$NF0$-$r7h$a$k$N$OMO1U$N!VG4@-!W$G$"$j;il$r2#@Z$j$J$,$i!$<~JU$N9=B$$OIT5,B'$J9=B$$+$i5,B'E*$J9=B$$N4V$rJQ2=$9$k$3$H$r<(:6$7$F$$$k!#EE0L%;%s%5!<$KBP$9$k8z2L$OG4@-0MB8E*$K(BHodgkin-Huxley Kinetics $B$,CY$/$J$k$3$H$G$"$k$,(BNa$B%A%c%M%k$G$b#K%A%c%M%k$G$b4Q;!$5$l$k!#FC$K(BK$B%A%c%M%k$G$O;~4V7P2a$r7h$a$k2aDx$NFb$GG4@-0MB8@-$NItJ,$,BgH>$r@j$a$F$$$k!#%]%"Fb$N9=B$JQ2=$J$$$7$O%2!<%HEEN.$,N.$l=*$o$C$F$+$i%]%"$,3+$/2aDx$K$O?;F)05$,4XM?$7$F$$$k$,(BNa$B%A%c%M%k$H(BK$B%A%c%M%k$G$OJ}8~$O5U$G$"$k!#?;F)05$O%]%"Fb$N?eOB$J$$$7$O?e$r4^$`6u7d$NBN@Q$,JQ2=$9$k:]$N<+M3%(%M%k%.!/$9$k!#:G=*E>0\$KBP$7$F?;F)05$NA}Bg$O(BNa$B%A%c%M%k$G%]%"$r3+$-$K$/$/(BK$B%A%c%M%k$G$O3+$-$d$9$/$9$k$3$H$,L@$i$+$K$J$C$?!#(B

$B!J(B3$B!K(BSlow removal of Na⁺ channel inactivation underlies the temporal filtering property
in the teleost thalamic neurons

$B2,!!NIN4!JEl5~Bg3XBg3X1!M}3X7O8&5f2J@8J*2J3X@l96!K(B
$BE{0f!!=(OB!JEl5~Bg3XBg3X1!M}3X7O8&5f2J@8J*2J3X@l96!K(B
$BBg@P!!8,2p!J6(NO

$B!!5{N`$J$I$N@TDGF0J*G>$N?@7P3K$O4pK\E*$J9=C[86M}$OJ]$?$l$F$$$k$,9=@.%K%e!<%m%s/$J$/C1=c$J22/$J$/!J(B2$Bu:YK&9=C[$r;}$A5pBg$J%7%J%W%98euFM5/$r4^$_?@7P3K5!G=$N2r@O$N%b%G%k7O$K$J$k!#HiuFM5/@hC:YK&$G0[$J$jBg7?:YK&$O%7%J%W%9F~NO$KBP$7$FC1H/H/2P$N$_$r<($7>.7?:YK&$OF~NO0MB8E*$K(Btonic$B$JH/2P$r<($7$?!#;~4V4V3V$rJQ2=$5$;$J$,$i%Z%"$NF~NO$rM?$(F~NO$N;~4VE*$JMM<0$KBP$9$k1~Ez$O!$Bg7?:YK&$,D9$$;~Dj?t(B ($B!A(B100ms) $B$N(Blow-pass$B%U%#%k%?!.7?:YK&$OB.$$F~NO%Q%?!<%s$K$bDI=>$7$FH/2P$7$?!#Bg7?:YK&$N:YK&BN$N(Blow-pass$B%U%#%k%?!e$G(BNa^$B!\(B$B%A%c%M%k5!G=$N:F9=@.$r9T$C$?$H$3$m(BNa^$B!\(B$B%A%c%M%k$H(B Hodgkin-Huxley$B7?$N(BK^$B!\(B$B%A%c%M%k$NAH$_9g$o$;$G!$Bg7?:YK&$N4pK\E*$JC1H/H/2PFC@-5Z$S(Blow-pass filter$BFC@-$,:F8=$G$-$?!#(B

$B!J(B4$B!K%^%&%98e:,?@7P@a%K%e!<%m%s$K$$1$kEE0L0MB8@-(BNa$B%A%c%M%k$N5!G=EJ,N`(B

$B=oJ}!!@kK.!J9-EgBg3XBg3X1!!&0e;uLt3XAm9g8&5f2J!&?@7P@8M}3X!K(B
$B3AB $B>>IZ!!CR:H!J9-EgBg3XBg3X1!!&0e;uLt3XAm9g8&5f2J!&?@7P@8M}3X!K(B
$BE"!!BY@1!J9-EgBg3XBg3X1!!&0e;uLt3XAm9g8&5f2J!&?@7P@8M}3X!K(B
$BCfK\!!@i@t!J9-EgBg3XBg3X1!!&0e;uLt3XAm9g8&5f2J!&?@7P@8M}3X!K(B

$B!!8e:,?@7P@a(B (Dorsal root ganglion: DRG) $B$J$I$N0l.7??/32u67$G$"$j!$DK3P5a?4O)$K$*$1$k(BNa$B%A%c%M%k$N@8M}5!G=$rAm9gE*$K2rL@$9$k$3$H$,@h7h$G$"$k!#(BDRG$B$K$*$1$k(BNa$B%A%c%M%k5!G=$K4X$7$F!$(B1) $B%F%H%m%I%H%-%7%sHs46

$B!J(B5$B!K(BNa_x$B%A%c%M%k$N@8M}5!G=(B

$B[X;3!!Ip;K!J<+A32J3X8&5f5!9=!&4pAC@8J*3X8&5f=j!K(B

$B!!(BNa_x$B%A%c%M%k$OEE0L46x$B%A%c%M%k$O<<<~0O4o41(B (CVOs) $B$KH/8=$7!$?e$H9bD%?)1v?e$N@]uBV$K$*$$$F$OLn@87?%^%&%9$O?e$rBgNL$K@]o$,L5$$$K$b4X$o$i$:?)1v?e$r2sHr$;$:N><@\E*$K9b(BNa$B1U$G;I7c$7$?;~$K$b!$Ln@87?$G$O?)1v?e4wHr9TF0$,=P8=$9$k$N$KBP$7%N%C%/%"%&%H%^%&%9$G$O$_$i$l$J$+$C$?!#%"%G%N%&%#%k%9$rMQ$$$F%N%C%/%"%&%H%^%&%9$NG>Fb$K(BNa_x$B0dEA;R$r:FF3F~$7$?$H$3$m!$0lIt$N%^%&%9$K$*$$$F!$C&?e;~$K$*$1$k?)1v?e2sHr9TF0$,2sI|$7$?$3$H$,3NG'$5$l$?!#$^$?!$(BNa_x$B$rH/8=$7$F$$$kIt0L$N=iBeG]M\:YK&$rMQ$$$F:YK&301U$N%$%*%sG;EY$rJQ2=$5$;$?$H$3$m(BNax$BH/8=:YK&$O(B10 mM$BDxEY$N:YK&30(BNa$B$N>e>:$K1~Ez$7$F!$:YK&Fb%J%H%j%&%`%$%*%sG;EY$,BgI}$K>e>:$9$k$3$H$r8+=P$@$7$?!#$3$N1~Ez$O%N%C%/%"%&%H%^%&%9M3Mh$N:YK&$K$*$$$F$O4Q;!$5$l$J$+$C$?$,!$(BNa_x$B%W%i%9%_%I$NF3F~$K$h$j1~Ez$,=P8=$7$?!#(BNa_x$B$OBN1U1vG;EY$r8!=P$9$k(BNa$B%;%s%5!<$H$7$FF/$$$F$*$j!$G>5]2<4o41$,8DBN$N1vJ,@]

$B!J(B6$B!K>eHi7?(BNa$B%A%c%M%k(B(EnaC)$B3h@-2=0x;R%W%m%9%?%7%s$K$h$k?UB!$G$N(BNa$B:F5[<}D4@a(B

$BKLB $BIZED!!8xIW!J7'K\Bg3XBg3X1!0e3XLt3X8&5fIt?UB!Fb2J3X!K(B

$B!!>eHi7?(BNa$B%A%c%M%k(B (ENaC) $B$O?UB!$G$N(BNa$B:F5[<}NL$rD4@a$7!$BN1U$N91>o@-$d7l05$N0];}$K=EMW$JLr3d$r2L$?$7$F$$$k!#%;%j%s%W%m%F%"!<%<$N%W%m%9%?%7%s$r%i%C%H?UB!$h$j%/%m!<%K%s%0$7!$%"%U%j%+%D%a%,%(%kMqJl:YK&$K%W%m%9%?%7%s$H(BENaC$B$r6&H/8=$5$;$k$H%"%_%m%i%$%I46I45/$9$k!#(BTGF-$B&B(B1$B$OG":Y4I:YK&$K$*$$$F%"%k%I%9%F%m%s$K$h$k(BNa$B:F5[<}$rAK32$9$k:nMQ$,$"$j!$(BENaC$B$NH/8=M^@)$rH<$C$F$$$k$H$$$&Js9p$,$"$k!#(BTGF-$B&B(B1$B$O%W%m%9%?%7%s$NH/8=$bM^@)$9$k$3$H$,H=L@$7!$(BTGF-$B&B(B1$B$O(BENaC$B$*$h$S%W%m%9%?%7%s$NH/8=M^@)$r2p$7$F(BNa$BMxG"$XF/$/2DG=@-$,9M$($i$l$?!#%;%j%s%W%m%F%"!<%2$K$*$1$k%a%7%k;@%J%U%!%b%9%?%C%H$NI{:nMQ$G$"$kDc(BNa$B7l>I$*$h$S9b(BK$B7l>I$NH/>I$K%W%m%9%?%7%s$,4XM?$9$k$+$b$7$l$J$$!#(B

$B!J(B7$B!K>eHi7?(BNa$B%A%c%M%k(B(EnaC)$B$N?;F)05$K$h$k@)8f5!9=(B

$B?7N$!!D>H~!J5~ETI\N)0e2JBg3XBg3X1!!&0e3X8&5f2J!&@8M}5!G=@)8f3X!K(B
$B4]Cf!!NIE5!J5~ETI\N)0e2JBg3XBg3X1!!&0e3X8&5f2J!&@8M}5!G=@)8f3X!K(B

$B!!?U1s0LG":Y4I>eHiAH?%$G$N>eHi7?(BNa$B%A%c%M%k$r2p$9$k(BNa$B:F5[<}$O!$7l05D4@a$dBN1UNL0];}$K=EMW$JLr3d$r2L$?$9$3$H$,CN$i$l$F$*$j!$%"%k%I%9%F%m%s!$93MxG"%[%k%b%s$d7l^y?;F)05$K$h$jeLL)$K@)8f$5$l$F$$$k!#2f!9$O$3$l$^$G$K1s0LG":Y4I$G$N(BNa$B:F5[<}$,Dc?;F)05!J7l^y?;F)05Dc2eHi7?(BNa$B%A%c%M%k(B (ENaC) $B$N0dEA;RH/8=$r2p$9$k%a%+%K%:%`$K$D$$$F8!F$$7$?!#2f!9$O!$?U1s0LG":Y4IM3Mh$NG]M\:YK&$G$"$k(BA6$B:YK&$KD9;~4V$NDc?;F)05;I7c$rM?$($k$H!$(BENaC $B&A(B-subunit ($B&A(BENaC) $B$N(BmRNA$B$,A}Bg$7!$(BNa$B:F5[<}$,B%?J$5$l$k$3$H$r8+$$=P$7$?!#$5$i$K!$$3$N&A(BENaC$B$NE>+/K⁺/2Cl^- cotransporter$B$N3h@-2=:^$H$7$F$N%U%i%\%s$d(BCl$B%A%c%M%kAK32:^$K$h$jCx$7$/M^@)$5$l!$99$K%J%H%j%&%`:F5[<}$b8:>/$7$F$$$?!#$3$l$i$N7k2L$O!$Dc?;F)05;I7c$K$h$k(BNa$B:F5[<}$N@)8f5!9=$K!$%/%m%i%$%IM"Aw$r2p$9$k:YK&Fb%/%m%i%$%IG;EYJQ2=$,4XM?$7$F$$$k$3$H$r6/$/<(:6$7$F$$$k!#(B

$B!J(B8$B!K(BNav1.6$B%A%c%M%k$N;}B3@-(BNa$BEEN.$N@)8f5!9=(B

$BGrH(!!X*H~!J;37ABg3X!&0e3XIt!&H/C#@8BNKI8f3X9V:B!&>.;y0e2J3XJ,Ln!K(B

$B!!%R%H(BNav1.6$B0dEA;R$r%/%m!<%K%s%0$7G]M\:YK&7O(B(tsA201) $B$KH/8=$5$;%Q%C%A%/%i%s%WK!$rMQ$$$F8!F$$7$?!#(BNav1.6$B0dEA;RC1FHH/8=$K$h$j82Cx$J;}B3@-Fb8~$-EEN.$rG'$a$?!#;}B3@-EEN.$N@.N)$O(BNav1.6$B%A%c%M%k$K$h$k%G%U%)%k%H$N@-/8z2L$O8:@\:nMQ$7$F%A%c%M%k$rKlI=LL$K=8B22=$5$;IT3h@-2=%2!<%H$rJQ2=$5$;$k$H9M$($i$l$?!#(BAnkyrin G$B$K$h$k;}B3@-EEN.$NM^@)$O@.=O$7$?%i%s%S%(9JNX$G$NEEN.$rH?1G$76=J3$rCi

$B!J(B9$B!K<4:w5/;OIt$H%i%s%S%(@a$KFC0[E*$J%9%Z%/%H%j%s:YK&Kl9|3J$N5!G=(B

$B6pED!!2mG7!JEl5~9)6HBg3XBg3X1!!&@8L?M}9)3X8&5f2J!K(B

$B!!%8!<%s%H%i%C%W$H8F$P$l$kJ}K!$rMQ$$$F%^%&%9(BES $B:YK&$K%i%s%@%`$JA^F~JQ0[$rF3F~$7$?$H$3$m!$%[%b@\9gBN$,A4?H$N:Y$+$J?L$($H8e;h9|3J6Z$N9ED>$rDh$9$kJQ0[BN$rF@!$&B(B-$B%9%Z%/%H%j%s$N?75,%a%s%P!<$G$"$k&B(BIV-$B%9%Z%/%H%j%s$,7gB;$7$F$$$k$3$H!$$=$N0dEA;RH/8=$,?@7P:YK&$K$[$\FC0[E*$G$"$k$3$H!$$5$i$K&B(BIV-$B%9%Z%/%H%j%s$,?@7P:YK&$N<4:w5/;OIt$H%i%s%S%(@a$KFC0[E*$K6I:_$9$k$3$H$r8+=P$7$?!#&B(BIV-$B%9%Z%/%H%j%s7gB;%^%&%9$N?@7P:YK&$K$*$1$kEE0L0MB8@-(BNa$B%A%c%M%k$H%"%s%-%j%s(BG$B$N6I:_$rD4$Y$?7k2L!$$=$N6I:_%l%Y%k$,Ln@87?%^%&%9$HHf$Y$FBg$-$/Dc2<$7$F$$$k$3$H$,L@$i$+$H$J$C$?!#&B(BIV -$B%9%Z%/%H%j%s$r4^$`Kl9|3J9=B$$,%"%s%-%j%s(BG$B$H$N7k9g$r2p$7$F<4:w5/;OIt$H%i%s%S%(@a$K$*$1$kEE0L0MB8@-(BNa$B%A%c%M%k$N6I:_0BDj2=$KI,?\$NLr3d$r2L$?$7$F$$$k$3$H!$$=$7$F$=$N7gB;%^%&%9$G$O3hF0EE0L$NH/@8$H0];}$K$*$1$k0[>o$,?L$($d9|3J6Z9ED>$H$$$C$?>I>u$r0z$-5/$3$7$F$$$k$3$H$,<(:6$5$l$?!#(B

$B!J(B10$B!K?46Z(BNa$B%A%c%M%kIB$NJ,;RIBBV(B

$B<,ED!!D>>;!JKL3$F;Bg3XBg3X1!!&0e3X8&5f2J!&=[4DIBBVFb2J3X!K(B

$B!!@hE7@-(BLQT3$BJQ0[!'&A(BKPQ, R1623Q$B!'(BXenopus oocyte$B$K(BLQT3$BJQ0[&A(BKPQ$B%A%c%M%k$rH/8=$5$;$k$H;}B3@-CY1dEE0L$,4Q;!$5$l$?!#CY1dEEN.$K0lCW$7$?(Bburst$B>u$N%A%c%M%k:F3+8}$,4Q;!$5$l$?!#J,;R5!9=$H$7$F(Bmodal gating$B$,9M$($i$l$?!#(BLQT3$BJQ0[(BR1623Q$B$O!$&A(BKPQ$B$HF1MM$N5!G=0[>o$N$[$+$K!$EEN.(Bdecay$B$NCY1d$H3h@-2=$NKlEE0L0MB8@-$NDc2<$,G'$a$i$l$?!#(B2$B!$(BBrugada$B>I8u72(BT1620M$B!'(BBrugada$B>I8u72$NIBBV$H$7$F(BSCN5A$B$N(Bloss-of-function$B$K$h$C$F3hF0EE0L$N=i4|@.J,$K$*$$$FAjBPE*$K(BIto$B$,M%0L$K$J$j?4FbKl!&30Kl$NEE5$8{G[$,A}2C$9$k!#(BT1620M$B$rG]M\:YK&(BtsA-201$B$K&A(B1$B%5%V%f%K%C%H$H6&H/8=$5$;(B32$B!n$G%Q%C%A%/%i%s%W$r$*$3$J$&$H!$(Bfast inactivation$B$H(Bslow inactivation$B$NCf4V$NIT3h@-2=(B (I_M) $B$,P6?J$7$F$$$?!#(B3$B!$8eE7@-(BQT$B1dD9>I8u72JQ0[(B L1825P$B!'IaCJ$O@5>o$N?4EE?^$r<($7Lt:^$J$I$K$h$j(BQT$B$,1dD9$7IT@0L.$rH/>I$9$k$b$N$r8eE7@-(BLQTS$B$H8F$V!#(BIKr$B%V%m%C%/:nMQ$rM-$9$k%7%5%W%j%I$K$h$C$FH/>I$7$?8eE7@-(BLQTS$B>INc$K(BSCN5A$BJQ0[(BL1825P$B$rF1Dj$7$?!#(BL1825P$B$O!$(BLQT3$B$KFCD'E*$JCY1dEEN.$r<($9$HF1;~$KIT3h@-2=$NKlEE0L0MB8@-$N2aJ,6KJ}8~$X$N%7%U%H3h@-2=$NC&J,6KJ}8~$X$N%7%U%H(BI_M$B$NP6?J$H$$$&(Bloss-of-function$B$r<($7$?!#!V:FJ,6KM=HwG=!W$K$h$C$FBe=~$5$l82@-2=$7$J$+$C$?$,%7%5%W%j%I$N(BIKr$B%V%m%C%/:nMQ$K$h$C$FGKC>$7(BL1825P$B$N5!G=0[>o$,82@-2=$9$k!#(B

$B!J(B11$B!K?46Z(BNa$B%A%c%M%k0dEA;RJQ0[$K$h$kCW;`@-IT@0L.<@45$NEE5$@8M}3X$H(B
$B%3%s%T%e!<%?!<%7%e%_%l!<%7%g%s(B

$B0KF#!!1Q $B0fK\!!7IFs!J@8M}3X8&5f=j!&?@7P%7%0%J%kItLg!K(B

$B!!93IT@0L.Lt$O(BNa$BEEN.$rDc2<$5$;A}0-$5$;$k$,%T%k%8%+%$%K%I$NEjM?$G(BST$B>e>:$rG'$a$J$+$C$?(BBrugada$B>I8u72$K?7JQ0[(B (N406S) $B$r8+=P$7!$EE5$@8M}3XE*FCD'$rH/8=7O$G2r@O$7$?!#3h@-2=!$IT3h@-2=$NEE0L0MB8@-$O(B16mV, 10mV$BC&J,6KB&$XJP$7$F$$$?!#(BN406S$B$OB.$$IT3h@-2=$+$i$N2sI|$OM-0U$KB%?J$7$F$$$?$,CY$$IT3h@-2=$+$i$N2sI|$OCY1d$7$F$$$?!#%7%e%_%l!<%7%g%s$G3h@-2=$NEE0L0MB8@-$NJQ2=$HCY$$IT3h@-2=$NP6?J$,K\>INc$NIBBV$K4sM?$7$F$$$?!#%T%k%8%+%$%K%I$K$h$k(Btonic block$B$O(BN406S$B$K$*$$$FJQ2=$rG'$a$J$+$C$?$,(Buse-dependent block$B$O>C<:$7$F$$$?!#%-%K%8%s$K$h$k(Btonic block$B$OA}Bg$7$F$*$j(Buse-dependent block$B$b(BWT$B!$(B1797insD$B$HHf3S$7$FP6?J$7$F$$$?!#3h@-2=$NEE0L0MB8@-$NJQ2=$HCY$$IT3h@-2=$NP6?J$,860x$G$"$k$H9M$($i$l$?!#%T%k%8%+%$%K%I$K$h$k(Buse-dependent block$B$OK\JQ0[$G>C<:$7$F$*$j(Bprovocation test$B$N7k2L$H$N0x2L4X78$r<(:6$7$?!#0lJ}%-%K%8%s$KBP$9$kLt:^H?1~$O(BWT$B!$(B1797insD$B$HHf3S$7$FP6?J$7$F$$$?!#$"$kFCDj$N(B1$B$NLt:^$NH?1~$OF1MM$H$O8B$i$:K\JQ0[$N$h$&$KLt:^7k9gIt0L$K4X78$9$k0dEA;R0[>o$G$O(Bprovocation test$B$NH=Dj$K$OCm0U$rMW$9$k$3$H$,<(:6$5$l$?!#(B

$B!J(B12$B!K$F$s$+$s$H%J%H%j%&%`%A%c%M%k0dEA;RJQ0[(B

$B;3@n!!OB90!JM}2=3X8&5f=j!&G>2J3XAm9g8&5f%;%s%?!

$B!!(BSCN1A:$BG.@-a[Z;%W%i%9(B (GEFS+) $B$O!$(BSCN1A$B$NJQ0[$,Js9p$5$l$?!#=E>IF};y%_%*%/%m%K!<$F$s$+$s(B (SMEI) $B$G$b(BSCN1A$B$NJQ0[$,Js9p$5$l$?!#(BGEFS+$B45V1.2$B$r%3!<%I$9$k0dEA;R(BSCN2A$B$K$D$-(BGEFS+$B45o;~IT3h2=6J@~$N2aJ,6KB&$X$N$:$l$J$I$N0[>o$r<($9JQ0[(BR188W$B$r8+$$$@$7$?!#(BSCN2A$B$N%_%9%;%s%9JQ0[$ONI@-2HB2@-?7@8;yF};y$1$$$l$s(B (BFNIS) $B$G$bJs9p$5$l$?!#Fq<#@-$F$s$+$s$rM-$9$k45

$B!J(B13$B!K4(NdM6H/@-Dc(BK⁺ $B@-<~4|@-;M;hKcac$K$*$1$kJQ0[(BNa⁺$B%A%c%M%k$N29EY0MB8@-(B

$B?y1:!!2EBY!JJ!Eg8)N)0e2JBg3X!&0e3XIt!&?@7PFb2J3X9V:B!K(B

$B!!(Beyelid myotonia, grip myotonia$B$,G'$a$i$l4(NdGxO*$K$h$j7l@6(BK⁺$B$NDc2<$H;M;h6ZNODc2<$rDh$9$k2H7O$K$*$$$F(BNa_v1.4$B$N(BP1158S$BE@JQ0[$rJs9p$7$?!#5$29$H(BK⁺$BG;EY$NAj4X$,L@$i$+$GDc29GxO*$K$h$jDc%+%j%&%`7l>I$H4K@-Kcac$rMh$?$7(BP1158S$BJQ0[%A%c%M%k$N29EY0MB8@-$,<(:6$5$l$?!#0lJ}%_%*%H%K%"$OH?I|1?F0$G2~A1$75$29$H$NAj4X$OL@$i$+$G$O$J$+$C$?!#(B P1158S Na_v1.4 cDNA$B$r:n@=$7JQ0[(BNa⁺$B%A%c%M%k$N29EY$HEE5$@8M}3XE*FC@-$N4XO"$r8!F$$7$?!#(BP1158S$BJQ0[$G$O(Bactivation curve$B!$(Binactivation curve$B$,!$(B22$B!n$G$O(Bwild type$B$KHf$7$F2aJ,6KB&$X%7%U%H$7$?$,(B32$B!n$G$O(BWT$B$H$NM-0U:9$OG'$a$i$l$:!$(BP1158S$BJQ0[$G$O29EY0MB8E*$JEE0L0MB8@-$NJQ2=$,L@$i$+$H$J$C$?!#(B P1158S$B$N%2!<%HFC@-$r%3%s%T%e!<%?%b%G%k$KA^F~$729EY$H?@7P>I>u$N4X78$r8!F$$7$?!#(BP1158S$BJQ0[$G$O:YK&30(BK⁺ $BG;EY$,Dc$/Kl$N(BK⁺$BF)2a@-$,Dc$$>l9g(B22$B!n$G$OC&J,6K$,;}B3$7Kcac$N>uBV$H$J$C$?!#:YK&30(BK⁺$BG;EY$,@5>o$N>l9gH?I|J|EE$,G'$a$i$l$?!#(B 32$B!n$G$O:YK&30(BK⁺$BG;EY$K94$o$i$:(BP1158S$B$G$OH?I|J|EE$,G'$a$i$l$?!#>I>u$r$h$/:F8=$7$F$*$j>I>uH/8=$K$OJQ0[$N29EY0MB8@-$H:YK&30(BK⁺$BG;EY$,=EMW$H9M$($i$l$?!#<#NE$H$7$F7P8}%+%j%&%`@=:^$K$h$jDc%+%j%&%`7l>I$rJd@5$9$k$HKcacH/:n$N2~A1$,G'$a$i$l$?!#(B

$B!J(B14$B!K9|3J6Z<@45$H(BNa$B%A%c%M%k0[>o(B

$B9b66!!@55*!JBg:eBg3XBg3X1!!&0e3X7O8&5f2J!&?@7P5!G=0e3X!J?@7PFb2J!K!K(B

$B!!9|3J6Z7?(BNa$B%A%c%M%k&A%5%V%f%K%C%H(B (SCN4A) $B$NJQ0[$O6Z6/D>!J%_%*%H%K!c32$,Kcac$N=P8=$K4XM?$9$k$3$H$J$I$,L@$i$+$H$J$C$F$-$F$$$k!#%_%*%H%K!<>I>u$N4KOB$N$?$a$K$O93IT@0L.Lt!&93$F$s$+$sLt$J$I$,M-8z$G$"$jEjM?$N$7$d$9$5$J$I$+$iNW>2$G$O%a%-%7%l%A%s(B (mexiletine) $B$,;HMQ$5$l$k!#%a%-%7%l%A%s$J$I$N93IT@0L.Lt$O(BNa$B%A%c%M%k$N%I%a%$%s(BIV$B$J$I$NKl4SDL%;%0%a%s%H(B6$B$rCf?4$H$9$kIt0L$K7k9g$7%V%m%C%/$9$k$H?dDj$5$l$F$$$k!#>e=R$N%_%*%H%K!<$rDh$9$k<@45$NCf$K$O$3$NIt0L$KJQ0[$rM-$9$k$b$N$b$"$k!#$3$l$i$N<@45JQ0[%A%c%M%k$K$*$1$k%a%-%7%l%A%s?FOB@-$r8!F$$7$?!#IT3h2=(B (fast inactivation) $B>uBV$KBP$9$k?FOB@-$,(B2$BG\DxEYA}6/$J$$$78:


$$BG/JsL\<!$XLa$k(B$
Copyright(C) 2005 National Institute for Physiological Sciences