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$B!!6Z$N?J2=$r9M$($k>e$GJ?3j6Z$+$i9|3J6Z$X$NJQA+$O:G$bCmL\$9$Y$-9`L\$N(J1$B$D$G$"$k!#6Z$N9=B$$NJQ2=0J>e$K5!G=!J6Z:YK&<}=L$N:]$N:YK&Fb(JCa$B%$%*%sG;EYA}2C%W%m%;%9!K$NJQ2=$OFCI.$9$Y$-$b$N$G$"$k!#J?3j6Z$G$O(JCa$B$N:YK&30$+$i:YK&Fb$XN.F~$,I,?\$G$"$k$,!$9|3J6Z$K$*$$$F$O(JCa$B$N:YK&30$+$i:YK&Fb$XN.F~$OI,?\$G$O$J$/!$:YK&Fb(JCa$B$NA}2C$O:YK&Fb$N(JCa$BCyB"It0L$+$i$NJ|=P$K$h$C$F@)8f$5$l$F$$$k!#9|3J6Z<}=L;~$K$*$1$k:YK&Fb(JCa$B%$%*%sG;EYA}2C%W%m%;%9$O!$@TDGF0J*9|3J6Z:YK&$K$*$$$F$O6=J3<}=LO"4X(J(Excitation-Contraction ; E-C coupling)$B$H$7$FJs9p(J(Schneider & Chandler 1972)$B$5$l!$(JT$B4IKl$KB8:_$7$F$$$k5!G=J,;R(JDihydropyridine(DHP)$B
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$B!J(J7$B!K!!%<%V%i%U%#%C%7%e@T?q?@7P2sO)$N9=C[(J$BElEgbC0l!J2,:jE}9g%P%$%*%5%$%(%s%9%;%s%?!]!&?@7PJ,2=!K(J $B!!%<%V%i%U%#%C%7%e@T?q?@7P2sO)$N7A@.5!9=$r!$H/@84|$K>/?t$N:YK&$GH/8=$9$kE>
$B!J(J8$B!K!!:+Cn$NFw$$8;C5:w$N9TF0@)8f5!9=(J$B?@:jN $B!!Fw$$$O6uCf$KJ,I[$7!$J,I[>uBV$r@d$(4V$J$/J#;($KJQ2=$5$;$F$$$k!#$3$N$h$&$J4D6-2<$G$b:+Cn$O?t%-%m%a!<%H%k$K$o$?$j!$$?$H$($PM:$N2k$O!$;s$,J|=P$9$k%U%'%m%b%s$NFw$$$rMj$j$K;s$N5o=j$rC5$7=P$7$F$$$k!#$o$l$o$l$,0E0G$G!$Fw$$8;$rC5$7=P$9$3$H$rA[A|$9$k$H:+Cn$,$$$+$K:$Fq$JLdBj$r2r7h$7$F$$$k$+$,$o$+$k!#$3$3$G$O!$$3$N$h$&$J:+Cn$NFw$$8;C5:w9TF0$r%b%G%k$H$7$F!$Hy>.$JG>%7%9%F%`$,!$$3$NLdBj$r$$$+$K$7$F2r7h$7$F$$$k$+$r!$NZfBL\:+Cn%+%$%3%,(J(Bombyx mori)$B$r%b%G%k$H$7$F$^$:(J(1)$B9TF0@oN,$+$i!$$=$7$F(J(2)$B$3$N9TF0@oN,$r2rH/$9$k?@7P4pHW$K$D$$$F!$%K%e!<%m%s%l%Y%k$G$NJ,@O7k2L$+$i@bL@$9$k!#.7?0\F0%m%\%C%H$rMQ$$$?(J(1)$B$H(J(2)$B$N8!>Z7k2L$r>R2p$9$k!#$^$?!$(J(4)$B
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$B!!(JCharacterized by complex geometry and complicated dynamic process, biological mechanical phenomena in swimming and flying are usually of four-dimensional nature, namely, spatial three-dimensional and one-dimensional in time. The current paradigm for understanding of power and energetics in swimming and flying relies exclusively on the consistent potential theories to analyze the physics qualitatively as well as the observations and measurements to visualize the flow so as to support the theories. We propose a new paradigm of simulation-based biological fluid dynamics to digitize and visualize swimming and flying by using a computational mechanical modeling of the biological fluid dynamics through faithful reconstruction of morphology and representation of realistic kinematics of individual object. We have developed an integrated computational system as a baseline for the simulation-based biological fluid dynamics, which involves four subsystems of the morphological modeling, the kinematic modeling, the computational fluid dynamic modeling, and the post-processing for visualization. This integrated system has been validated to be feasible in modeling fluid dynamic phenomena in animal locomotion through a series of stepwise studies and applications for two realistic modeling of hydro-and aerodynamics of undulatory swimming and insect flight.
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