Thailand is geographically situated in the center of Southeast Asia and connects between mainland and islands. It is therefore in a hot and humid climatic zone which supports a variety of tropical ecosystems. From the records, as many as of 17 species of non-human primates (NHPs); from prosimians (slow loris) to lesser apes (gibbons) are listed.  However, at the same time of being in the tropical regions, Thais have to face with many tropical diseases. The vaccines and drugs are needed to combat with those diseases. NHPs are required for vaccine and drug manufacturing and development, and they are also essential for toxicity and safety tests. With regard to these concerns and with the long-term experience on primates, as a pioneer of primate laboratory in Thailand for more than 45 years, Chulalongkorn University designates to establish “The National Primate Research Center of Thailand (NPRCT)” in 2012. It is the first and the only primate center owned by Thais. Three species of NHPs are planned to be bred and used for research; Thai origin cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis), Myanmar rhesus macaques (M. mulatta) and common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus). The research facilities are/will be composed of one strictly hygienic conventional building and one of Animal Biosafety Level (ABSL) 2 and 3. The center aims to provide a good quality in health and genetic of NHPs and to provide research services for both in-country and aboard.